The Stargate Universe
"A lengthy time ago in a galaxy far, far away…." was a tagline that brought the concept of SciFi into the mainstream and opened up our planet and our imaginations. In the 3 decades following the launch of the Star Wars franchise, we have seen many incarnations of Science Fiction series come and many much more go. Series like Star Trek, Babylon five, FireFly, Battlestar Galactica, Andromeda, Earth: Final Conflict and a slew of other folks. Nevertheless, there exists 1 distinctive franchise which has remained a prevalent player in the SciFi space regardless of the demise of a lot of their competition.
The Stargate Universe as an entity has existed because 1994 and has because grown into a international dynasty encompassing a Movie, two television series, comics, books, audio books, games, toys and an assortment of FanFiction.
The Stargate Universe all began with the initial film, written by Dean Devlin and directed by Roland Emmerich. The film turned out to be a mega hit with throughout the world sales of 6,600,000 and a ,000,000 cost of production. The film was initially intended to be component of a multi-film franchise even so, due to scheduling troubles and differences in inventive visions in between Devlin/Emmerich and MGM, the initial vision was never ever carried out. It was in truth this disagreement that led to the studio execs evaluating other techniques to capitalize on the good results of the film.
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The executives decided a television series would let for lengthy-lasting opportunities and with that Stargate SG-1 debuted on July 27, 1997 on the Showtime premium cable network. Right after seeing impressive ratings on Showtime, the studio wanted wider distribution and moved the series to the SciFi network exactly where it quickly became a cult classic. The series led by Richard Dean Anderson of MacGyver fame lasted for a complete of ten seasons and on common price MGM ,400,000 to shoot. By its final season, the display surpassed the ratings of huge hits like X-Files and attaining the title of the longest operating consecutive sci-fi series on tv. Following an incredible ten year run, Stargate SG-1 was discontinued in August of 200, but the franchise lived on as Stargate Atlantis.
Stargate Atlantis was produced in 2004 as a two part season finale for season eight entitled "Lost City". The plot entails a group of military forces and civilian scientists that travel to the Pegasus galaxy in search of the Lost City of Atlantis. In its latest incarnation, the series has witnessed great good results and has confirmed above the years to draw the same level of followers as SG-1.
The long term of the Stargate Universe is scheduled to include two direct-to-DVD films being released later this year entitled "Stargate: The Ark of Truth" and "Stargate: Continuum". In addition, there was a 2006 Comic-con announcement by Stargate creator Dean Devlin that he is at present in talks with MGM to create the last two films in the trilogy and leverage the talents of James Spader and Kurt Russel.
The series nowadays stands out as a exceptional illustration of creativity and vision of a better long term. The series is one that will reside on in many incarnations moving forward as long as it retains the outstanding writing staff and an uncanny capability to examine existing social and political troubles in a distinctive way.
To Understand far more about the Stargate Universe check out http://stargate.ugo.com
Stacking Toys and Sorting Toys - Educational Worth
Stacking Toys and Sorting Toys - Educational Value
Stacking toys and sorting toys come in a wealth of varieties like stacking blocks, stacking rings and a stacking cups toy. Wooden alphabet blocks are dual goal as they can be used to stack and educate the alphabet. Our wooden building blocks are given a section to themselves as there are several varieties of this well-liked wooden toy. Stacking Toys and Sorting Toys are frequently believed of a standard wooden toys for babies and toddlers. Indeed we have numerous wooden examples but a lot of have a modern day twist. Moreover we have chosen numerous fabric soft stack toys and sort toys. These are especially very good for traveling as they are so light. Many of the stacking and sorting toys are designed for children aged two years and over however there is no cause why with supervision these toys can not be introduced to a baby, certainly you want to be cautious not to leave child with modest components. I am advocating play time with the parent and would not leave a youngster with a toy that wasn't appropriate for the age of the kid.
In terms of educational toys the stacking and sorting range is typically overlooked. These toys are important for fundamental hand eye coordination and for cognitive improvement in older pre school children. The toys can also be used for physical advancement if incorporated into physical games. As mentioned previously though the toy might not be created as a infant toy as extended as they are supervised and you use your typical sense to steer clear of toys with little components then they can be of excellent worth. You could sit infant down on the floor or in a higher chair with a stacking rings toy. They can start to get rid of the rings and with practice they will discover how to coordinate their hands to place the rings back on the cone. They definitely will not go on in order till later but child will advantage from practicing to strengthen their fine motor capabilities. You can interact by pointing out the diverse colours and sizes. At two many years they will start to recognize some of the ideas of colour. They will surely observe a distinction in between the diverse colours although might not be able to inform you, they will be faster at stacking the rings and will start off to build an concept of size. Usually by three years these toys have been passed on or are in the bottom of the toy box. They are of wonderful worth in this age group as the ideas of height, depth, size, sequence and colour can be practiced. Numeracy can be practiced by counting the components, adding and taking away. It is a great thought to make a mistake when you are obtaining your turn, your little one will enjoy telling you what you have accomplished incorrect and can demonstrate understanding by explaining the ideas to you. Furthermore the stacking rings can be combined with a physical game by producing a 'ring hunt' in which they want to run close to with a bag collecting the hidden rings then assembling the moment they have them all. This can be played with two young children if you use two sets they will want to recognise the size and colour so they do not gather much more than one particular of each.
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A couple of examples:
Cone sorting is a rubberwood toy from Strategy toys it is a wooden stacking toy of outstanding top quality and feel. This is a colourful and modern day version primarily based on the conventional stacking rings but the sections make a cone shape. Strategy Toys stacking ring is once more based on the conventional wooden version of baby stacking toys but created from rubberwood it has a beautiful top quality and really feel. Fun Stacker by Program toys is a set of wooden stacking arcs in 5 different colours, children can be imaginative with this one particular. Tooting Teddy Train is an outstanding illustration of the soft stacking toys and makes a lovely gift for a newborn which will be of advantage for many many years. A favored of ours is the Family Popov a soft version of the traditional russian dolls.
Go to the internet site to view the full range with further descriptions.
The Mickey Mouse Clubhouse Piano Sound Book: Mickey's Piano Celebration is an interactive songbook with a toy piano keyboard. Young children can practice their musical and hand-eye coordination expertise with Mickey, Donald Duck, and their other preferred characters from the common Tv show Mickey Mouse Clubhouse.
Made for young children ages 18 months and older, every page of the book features lyrics set to a familiar song and a simplified version of the melody's sheet music. Kids can use the keybo
Now children can sing and laugh with their fun-loving pal Mickey
Hug Mickey and he?ll sing the hot dog song
Squeeze yet again and he?ll burst into giggles
Snuggle up with soft, cuddly Mickey
Fun for all children
Hot diggity canine! Now you can sing and giggle with Mickey! This soft plush Mickey has fantastic music and sounds. Press his tummy and Mickey will sing you his favorite song, the "Hot Dog!" song. Press his tummy yet again while he's singing and he bursts into giggles! Assortment also contains Sing & Giggle™ Minnie. 2Y+
Woodworking Furnishings Plans-A Review Of Woodwork 4 House
Woodworking furniture plans are a godsend if you want to save a ton of cash on your furnishings or if you just fancy trying your hand at woodwork. The issue is though attempting to locate decent plans can be a bit of an ordeal, so this write-up will assessment the common program referred to as woodworking four home. Now what this promises is 14,000 wooden plans, so does it deliver or is it another on the internet scam?
Well the early indicators are promising as the provider is a 20 years in the trade specialist known as John Metz who is well respected in all the wood work circles. The actual item does certainly give you 14,000 woodworking plans as promised but also contains instructions that a child could follow, from what the greatest timber to use to the very best techniques to measure and make clean cuts in the wood.
The range of progects is huge and contains pc desk plans, woodworking furnishings plans, wine racks plans, wooden toy plans and gun cabinet plans to name just a handfull. That accounts for practically nothing if the plans are no excellent though but fortunately there are top rated notch and very thorough.
Ok so far so excellent but what exactly do you get when you buy woodworking 4 property? The solution is the clear initial, you get 14,000 plans plus a 16,000 page ebook and also video directions.
All in all the item is excellent, I wanted some woodworking furniture plans when I purchased this and I got them and more, so hand on heart I can honestly say that this was really worth each penny.
Your Kid's Guests Will Be Glad With Minnie Mouse Birthday Invitations
Thinking about surprising your little girl with a Minnie Mouse Birthday Invitations theme celebration? She will be also delightful to oblige. Minnie Mouse has staying a favored amongst children from ages. Even when you were a kid you use to really like her toys and dolls. Tiny girls enjoy this kind of birthday celebration themes since they can dress like their preferred character.
These invitations naturally decide the theme for the celebration. For the birthday invitations, you can effortlessly create the head form of Minnie Mouse and leading it up with a colorful bow. Make use of gel pens to write the invites. If you are not very good at art, you can take the assist of several clubhouses that will help you in your endeavors.
The up coming is the dcor or the color scheme. Youngsters enjoy vivid and lively colours. Minnie Mouse is renowned for her red dress and polka dot bow. You can decorate your house or the venue of the celebration with black, red and white colors. Now, Minnie Mouse is typically the favored of girls. Boys will not like the idea. So except if it's not an all girls' party, then you might need to add Mickey Mouse to your celebration theme.
]]> To give the kids' birthday party a much more inventive look, the guests can turn into "mousekeeters". Girls can come in colorful frocks and dresses topped with a Minnie Mouse head band. Boys can be provided Mickey Mouse head bands. You can even color their noses employing a black felt or marker.
You may possibly need to program in advance for the meals stuffs and birthday cake. The birthday cake ought to be in the form of Minnie Mouse. This can either be baked or ordered from a close by bakery. Chicken nuggets, burgers, cookies, chocolates, juices and ice creams can also be extra to the list. Furthermore children will enjoy the idea if the cookies and nuggets could be cut out in the same of Mickey and Minnie mouse.
Kids need to be active, so this can be arranged in the type of games. Make positive that the games are each exciting loving and entertaining for the kids. There are many popular games that can be organized for youngsters like Musical chairs, a face painting contest, pinning the nose on Minnie Mouse, searching for 'treasures' and many far more. Youngsters can also indulge in watching Disney cartoons or coloring their preferred characters even though waiting for the other guest to arrive.
All youngsters enjoy return gifts. These can be give in celebration favor packs filled with exciting and cool stuffs for the kids to get pleasure from. There are a lot of on-line merchants that sell such celebration favor packs at reasonably priced prices. If you are on a tight price range then, you can obtain empty favor packs and fill them with some toys, coloring books, crayons and other points.
You can even drop in a Thank you note or click pictures of the kids with their favored Disney character. Your kid will be grateful and will don't forget their Minnie Mouse Birthday Party Invitations all through their lives.
Dance Star Mickey shows street dance group Flawless some moves in a hilarious dance-off. For more information check out: www.disney.co.uk www.fisherprice.com Video Rating: 4 / 5
See www.fisherpricedancestarmickey.org to get total informations about this hottest toys. Let Mickey taught your children how to dance. Including six distinct designs of dance which accompanied with 6 distinct song. Hot toys like this is have a tendency to sell out quite quickly.
Question by Ben K: My wife place my five year old son's "Star Wars" toys in a "Star Trek" decoritive box.? Will this produce an Unbalance In The Force or a Rift In The Area Time Continuum? Or need to I just get a life? Now you people gave me a lot more to feel about! I guess I should also tell you she dressed him a Batman shirt with Spiderman Underware. I dont believe there is adequate bandwidth on the internet to solve that one! Greatest solution:
Answer by rankobudgie put them in a death star box you will
Question by t-bone: how do you make a wonderful toy-box? I am seeking for a program and cut list to make a good wooden toy-box for my son. Any tips? Best answer:
Answer by Seby M Do not waste wood. Recycle an empty carton. Paint it on the outside with hard varnish followed by a coat of wood finish.
Reigning Dancing with the Stars Champion, Donny Osmond, shakes points up with the very anticipated Dance Star Mickey from Fisher-Value and Disney at Toy Fair 2010 at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York City. (Photo: Organization Wire) Business Wire press release www.businesswire.com Video Rating: four / five
Of the thousands and 1000's of workshop plans out there, rocking horse plans have got to be a single of the most favored woodwork projects of all time. Nearly every single woodworker I know has attempted to develop this kind of a plan at one particular time or yet another and in today's tight financial situations, I'd bet that they are far more well-known than ever. If you're thinking about taking on this kind of a woodworking project, read on and I'll tell you much more about these special kinds of wooden toy plans.
Wood rocking horses can be constructed in all types of shapes and sizes, from quite modest ones for tiny youngsters to substantially greater ones for greater kids. There are varying styles to be located, as well, from easy and fundamental flat styles all the way to sculpted, hand-carved masterpieces. It all depends on your skill level and the woodworking concepts you bring to your workshop plans.
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Great Plans Are Hard To Find
Excellent plans can be tough to discover. There are snap-collectively, prefab kits out there, but if you happen to be even a halfway critical woodworker, you happen to be confident to want a set of plans with detailed descriptions and clear visual examples. You will also want workshop plans that give a list of everything you are going to need to have to full your woodworking projects.
When it comes to what variety of wood to use, you have numerous alternatives. You can use Walnut, Maple, Oak, Cherry, or Pine to bring your woodworking project to fruition. If this is the 1st rocking horse you are creating, you may possibly want to go with Pine. It's an affordable, soft wood that is straightforward to perform with.
Expertise And Tools Matter
Two other connected considerations are the degree of woodworking skill you bring to the table, so to speak, and your inventory of woodworking tools. If you're a rank beginner with a restricted choice of tools, you are possibly much better off--at least for now--with either a kit or a very simple set of plans. If your skill level with wood is intermediate or higher and you have adequate woodworking tools, you can probably handle nearly any sort of wooden toy plans.
It is All Really worth It In The End
Woodworkers close to the planet for more than a hundred many years have enjoyed producing youngsters pleased by constructing rocking horses made of wood. Whether or not you finish up developing one thing easy or fancy, you can rest assured that your rocking horse plans will be the supply of a lot of smiles and the fondest of memories.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. Textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents," where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."
The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and limits of scientific hubris, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Artificial intelligence has been the subject of breathtaking optimism, has suffered stunning setbacks and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most difficult problems in computer science.
AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Subfields have grown up around particular institutions, the work of individual researchers, the solution of specific problems, longstanding differences of opinion about how AI should be done and the application of widely differing tools. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still a long-term goal of (some) research.
History
Thinking machines and artificial beings appear in Greek myths, such as Talos of Crete, the golden robots of Hephaestus and Pygmalion's Galatea. Human likenesses believed to have intelligence were built in every major civilization: animated statues were worshipped in Egypt and Greece and humanoid automatons were built by Yan Shi, Hero of Alexandria, Al-Jazari and Wolfgang von Kempelen. It was also widely believed that artificial beings had been created by J?bir ibn Hayy?n, Judah Loew and Paracelsus. By the 19th and 20th centuries, artificial beings had become a common feature in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel ?apek's R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). Pamela McCorduck argues that all of these are examples of an ancient urge, as she describes it, "to forge the gods". Stories of these creatures and their fates discuss many of the same hopes, fears and ethical concerns that are presented by artificial intelligence.
Mechanical or "formal" reasoning has been developed by philosophers and mathematicians since antiquity. The study of logic led directly to the invention of the programmable digital electronic computer, based on the work of mathematician Alan Turing and others. Turing's theory of computation suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as simple as "0" and "1", could simulate any conceivable act of mathematical deduction. This, along with recent discoveries in neurology, information theory and cybernetics, inspired a small group of researchers to begin to seriously consider the possibility of building an electronic brain.
The field of AI research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. The attendees, including John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, became the leaders of AI research for many decades. They and their students wrote programs that were, to most people, simply astonishing: computers were solving word problems in algebra, proving logical theorems and speaking English. By the middle of the 1960s, research in the U.S. was heavily funded by the Department of Defense and laboratories had been established around the world. AI's founders were profoundly optimistic about the future of the new field: Herbert Simon predicted that "machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do" and Marvin Minsky agreed, writing that "within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved".
They had failed to recognize the difficulty of some of the problems they faced. In 1974, in response to the criticism of England's Sir James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from Congress to fund more productive projects, the U.S. and British governments cut off all undirected, exploratory research in AI. The next few years, when funding for projects was hard to find, would later be called an "AI winter".
In the early 1980s, AI research was revived by the commercial success of expert systems, a form of AI program that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of one or more human experts. By 1985 the market for AI had reached over a billion dollars. At the same time, Japan's fifth generation computer project inspired the U.S and British governments to restore funding for academic research in the field. However, beginning with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 1987, AI once again fell into disrepute, and a second, longer lasting AI winter began.
In the 1990s and early 21st century, AI achieved its greatest successes, albeit somewhat behind the scenes. Artificial intelligence is used for logistics, data mining, medical diagnosis and many other areas throughout the technology industry. The success was due to several factors: the incredible power of computers today (see Moore's law), a greater emphasis on solving specific subproblems, the creation of new ties between AI and other fields working on similar problems, and above all a new commitment by researchers to solid mathematical methods and rigorous scientific standards.
Problems
The problem of simulating (or creating) intelligence has been broken down into a number of specific sub-problems. These consist of particular traits or capabilities that researchers would like an intelligent system to display. The traits described below have received the most attention.
Deduction, reasoning, problem solving
Early AI researchers developed algorithms that imitated the step-by-step reasoning that humans use when they solve puzzles, play board games or make logical deductions. By the late 1980s and '90s, AI research had also developed highly successful methods for dealing with uncertain or incomplete information, employing concepts from probability and economics.
For difficult problems, most of these algorithms can require enormous computational resources — most experience a "combinatorial explosion": the amount of memory or computer time required becomes astronomical when the problem goes beyond a certain size. The search for more efficient problem solving algorithms is a high priority for AI research.
Human beings solve most of their problems using fast, intuitive judgments rather than the conscious, step-by-step deduction that early AI research was able to model. AI has made some progress at imitating this kind of "sub-symbolic" problem solving: embodied approaches emphasize the importance of sensorimotor skills to higher reasoning; neural net research attempts to simulate the structures inside human and animal brains that gives rise to this skill.
Knowledge representation
Knowledge representation and knowledge engineering are central to AI research. Many of the problems machines are expected to solve will require extensive knowledge about the world. Among the things that AI needs to represent are: objects, properties, categories and relations between objects; situations, events, states and time; causes and effects; knowledge about knowledge (what we know about what other people know); and many other, less well researched domains. A complete representation of "what exists" is an ontology (borrowing a word from traditional philosophy), of which the most general are called upper ontologies.
Among the most difficult problems in knowledge representation are:
Default reasoning and the qualification problemMany of the things people know take the form of "working assumptions." For example, if a bird comes up in conversation, people typically picture an animal that is fist sized, sings, and flies. None of these things are true about all birds. John McCarthy identified this problem in 1969 as the qualification problem: for any commonsense rule that AI researchers care to represent, there tend to be a huge number of exceptions. Almost nothing is simply true or false in the way that abstract logic requires. AI research has explored a number of solutions to this problem. The breadth of commonsense knowledgeThe number of atomic facts that the average person knows is astronomical. Research projects that attempt to build a complete knowledge base of commonsense knowledge (e.g., Cyc) require enormous amounts of laborious ontological engineering — they must be built, by hand, one complicated concept at a time. A major goal is to have the computer understand enough concepts to be able to learn by reading from sources like the internet, and thus be able to add to its own ontology. The subsymbolic form of some commonsense knowledgeMuch of what people know is not represented as "facts" or "statements" that they could actually say out loud. For example, a chess master will avoid a particular chess position because it "feels too exposed" or an art critic can take one look at a statue and instantly realize that it is a fake. These are intuitions or tendencies that are represented in the brain non-consciously and sub-symbolically. Knowledge like this informs, supports and provides a context for symbolic, conscious knowledge. As with the related problem of sub-symbolic reasoning, it is hoped that situated AI or computational intelligence will provide ways to represent this kind of knowledge. Planning
Intelligentagents must be able to set goals and achieve them. They need a way to visualize the future (they must have a representation of the state of the world and be able to make predictions about how their actions will change it) and be able to make choices that maximize the utility (or "value") of the available choices.
In classical planning problems, the agent can assume that it is the only thing acting on the world and it can be certain what the consequences of its actions may be. However, if this is not true, it must periodically check if the world matches its predictions and it must change its plan as this becomes necessary, requiring the agent to reason under uncertainty.
Multi-agent planning uses the cooperation and competition of many agents to achieve a given goal. Emergent behavior such as this is used by evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence.
Learning
Machine learning has been central to AI research from the beginning. Unsupervised learning is the ability to find patterns in a stream of input. Supervised learning includes both classification and numerical regression. Classification is used to determine what category something belongs in, after seeing a number of examples of things from several categories. Regression takes a set of numerical input/output examples and attempts to discover a continuous function that would generate the outputs from the inputs. In reinforcement learning the agent is rewarded for good responses and punished for bad ones. These can be analyzed in terms of decision theory, using concepts like utility. The mathematical analysis of machine learning algorithms and their performance is a branch of theoretical computer science known as computational learning theory.
Natural language processing
Natural language processing gives machines the ability to read and understand the languages that humans speak. Many researchers hope that a sufficiently powerful natural language processing system would be able to acquire knowledge on its own, by reading the existing text available over the internet. Some straightforward applications of natural language processing include information retrieval (or text mining) and machine translation.
Motion and manipulation ASIMO uses sensors and intelligent algorithms to avoid obstacles and navigate stairs.
The field of robotics is closely related to AI. Intelligence is required for robots to be able to handle such tasks as object manipulation and navigation, with sub-problems of localization (knowing where you are), mapping (learning what is around you) and motion planning (figuring out how to get there).
Perception
Machine perception is the ability to use input from sensors (such as cameras, microphones, sonar and others more exotic) to deduce aspects of the world. Computer vision is the ability to analyze visual input. A few selected subproblems are speech recognition, facial recognition and object recognition.
Social intelligence Kismet, a robot with rudimentary social skills
Emotion and social skills play two roles for an intelligent agent. First, it must be able to predict the actions of others, by understanding their motives and emotional states. (This involves elements of game theory, decision theory, as well as the ability to model human emotions and the perceptual skills to detect emotions.) Also, for good human-computer interaction, an intelligent machine also needs to display emotions. At the very least it must appear polite and sensitive to the humans it interacts with. At best, it should have normal emotions itself.
Creativity TOPIO, a robot that can play table tennis, developed by TOSY. ]]>
A sub-field of AI addresses creativity both theoretically (from a philosophical and psychological perspective) and practically (via specific implementations of systems that generate outputs that can be considered creative).
General intelligence
Most researchers hope that their work will eventually be incorporated into a machine with general intelligence (known as strong AI), combining all the skills above and exceeding human abilities at most or all of them. A few believe that anthropomorphic features like artificial consciousness or an artificial brain may be required for such a project.
Many of the problems above are considered AI-complete: to solve one problem, you must solve them all. For example, even a straightforward, specific task like machine translation requires that the machine follow the author's argument (reason), know what is being talked about (knowledge), and faithfully reproduce the author's intention (social intelligence). Machine translation, therefore, is believed to be AI-complete: it may require strong AI to be done as well as humans can do it.
Approaches
There is no established unifying theory or paradigm that guides AI research. Researchers disagree about many issues. A few of the most long standing questions that have remained unanswered are these: should artificial intelligence simulate natural intelligence, by studying psychology or neurology? Or is human biology as irrelevant to AI research as bird biology is to aeronautical engineering? Can intelligent behavior be described using simple, elegant principles (such as logic or optimization)? Or does it necessarily require solving a large number of completely unrelated problems? Can intelligence be reproduced using high-level symbols, similar to words and ideas? Or does it require "sub-symbolic" processing?
Cybernetics and brain simulation There is no consensus on how closely the brain should be simulated.
In the 1940s and 1950s, a number of researchers explored the connection between neurology, information theory, and cybernetics. Some of them built machines that used electronic networks to exhibit rudimentary intelligence, such as W. Grey Walter's turtles and the Johns Hopkins Beast. Many of these researchers gathered for meetings of the Teleological Society at Princeton University and the Ratio Club in England. By 1960, this approach was largely abandoned, although elements of it would be revived in the 1980s.
Symbolic
When access to digital computers became possible in the middle 1950s, AI research began to explore the possibility that human intelligence could be reduced to symbol manipulation. The research was centered in three institutions: CMU, Stanford and MIT, and each one developed its own style of research. John Haugeland named these approaches to AI "good old fashioned AI" or "GOFAI".
Cognitive simulationEconomist Herbert Simon and Alan Newell studied human problem solving skills and attempted to formalize them, and their work laid the foundations of the field of artificial intelligence, as well as cognitive science, operations research and management science. Their research team performed psychological experiments to demonstrate the similarities between human problem solving and the programs (such as their "General Problem Solver") they were developing. This tradition, centered at Carnegie Mellon University would eventually culminate in the development of the Soar architecture in the middle 80s. Logic basedUnlike Newell and Simon, John McCarthy felt that machines did not need to simulate human thought, but should instead try to find the essence of abstract reasoning and problem solving, regardless of whether people used the same algorithms. His laboratory at Stanford (SAIL) focused on using formal logic to solve a wide variety of problems, including knowledge representation, planning and learning. Logic was also focus of the work at the University of Edinburgh and elsewhere in Europe which led to the development of the programming language Prolog and the science of logic programming. "Anti-logic" or "scruffy"Researchers at MIT (such as Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert) found that solving difficult problems in vision and natural language processing required ad-hoc solutions – they argued that there was no simple and general principle (like logic) that would capture all the aspects of intelligent behavior. Roger Schank described their "anti-logic" approaches as "scruffy" (as opposed to the "neat" paradigms at CMU and Stanford). Commonsense knowledge bases (such as Doug Lenat's Cyc) are an example of "scruffy" AI, since they must be built by hand, one complicated concept at a time. Knowledge basedWhen computers with large memories became available around 1970, researchers from all three traditions began to build knowledge into AI applications. This "knowledge revolution" led to the development and deployment of expert systems (introduced by Edward Feigenbaum), the first truly successful form of AI software. The knowledge revolution was also driven by the realization that enormous amounts of knowledge would be required by many simple AI applications. Sub-symbolic
During the 1960s, symbolic approaches had achieved great success at simulating high-level thinking in small demonstration programs. Approaches based on cybernetics or neural networks were abandoned or pushed into the background. By the 1980s, however, progress in symbolic AI seemed to stall and many believed that symbolic systems would never be able to imitate all the processes of human cognition, especially perception, robotics, learning and pattern recognition. A number of researchers began to look into "sub-symbolic" approaches to specific AI problems.
Bottom-up, embodied, situated, behavior-based or nouvelle AIResearchers from the related field of robotics, such as Rodney Brooks, rejected symbolic AI and focused on the basic engineering problems that would allow robots to move and survive. Their work revived the non-symbolic viewpoint of the early cybernetics researchers of the 50s and reintroduced the use of control theory in AI. These approaches are also conceptually related to the embodied mind thesis.Computational IntelligenceInterest in neural networks and "connectionism" was revived by David Rumelhart and others in the middle 1980s. These and other sub-symbolic approaches, such as fuzzy systems and evolutionary computation, are now studied collectively by the emerging discipline of computational intelligence. Statistical
In the 1990s, AI researchers developed sophisticated mathematical tools to solve specific subproblems. These tools are truly scientific, in the sense that their results are both measurable and verifiable, and they have been responsible for many of AI's recent successes. The shared mathematical language has also permitted a high level of collaboration with more established fields (like mathematics, economics or operations research). Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig describe this movement as nothing less than a "revolution" and "the victory of the neats."
Integrating the approaches Intelligent agent paradigmAn intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success. The simplest intelligent agents are programs that solve specific problems. The most complicated intelligent agents are rational, thinking humans. The paradigm gives researchers license to study isolated problems and find solutions that are both verifiable and useful, without agreeing on one single approach. An agent that solves a specific problem can use any approach that works — some agents are symbolic and logical, some are sub-symbolic neural networks and others may use new approaches. The paradigm also gives researchers a common language to communicate with other fields—such as decision theory and economics—that also use concepts of abstract agents. The intelligent agent paradigm became widely accepted during the 1990s. Agent architectures and cognitive architecturesResearchers have designed systems to build intelligent systems out of interacting intelligent agents in a multi-agent system. A system with both symbolic and sub-symbolic components is a hybrid intelligent system, and the study of such systems is artificial intelligence systems integration. A hierarchical control system provides a bridge between sub-symbolic AI at its lowest, reactive levels and traditional symbolic AI at its highest levels, where relaxed time constraints permit planning and world modelling. Rodney Brooks' subsumption architecture was an early proposal for such a hierarchical system. Tools
In the course of 50 years of research, AI has developed a large number of tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. A few of the most general of these methods are discussed below.
Search and optimization
Many problems in AI can be solved in theory by intelligently searching through many possible solutions: Reasoning can be reduced to performing a search. For example, logical proof can be viewed as searching for a path that leads from premises to conclusions, where each step is the application of an inference rule. Planning algorithms search through trees of goals and subgoals, attempting to find a path to a target goal, a process called means-ends analysis. Robotics algorithms for moving limbs and grasping objects use local searches in configuration space. Many learning algorithms use search algorithms based on optimization.
Simple exhaustive searches are rarely sufficient for most real world problems: the search space (the number of places to search) quickly grows to astronomical numbers. The result is a search that is too slow or never completes. The solution, for many problems, is to use "heuristics" or "rules of thumb" that eliminate choices that are unlikely to lead to the goal (called "pruning the search tree"). Heuristics supply the program with a "best guess" for what path the solution lies on.
A very different kind of search came to prominence in the 1990s, based on the mathematical theory of optimization. For many problems, it is possible to begin the search with some form of a guess and then refine the guess incrementally until no more refinements can be made. These algorithms can be visualized as blind hill climbing: we begin the search at a random point on the landscape, and then, by jumps or steps, we keep moving our guess uphill, until we reach the top. Other optimization algorithms are simulated annealing, beam search and random optimization.
Evolutionary computation uses a form of optimization search. For example, they may begin with a population of organisms (the guesses) and then allow them to mutate and recombine, selecting only the fittest to survive each generation (refining the guesses). Forms of evolutionary computation include swarm intelligence algorithms (such as ant colony or particle swarm optimization) and evolutionary algorithms (such as genetic algorithms[103] and genetic programming[104][105]).
Logic
Logic was introduced into AI research by John McCarthy in his 1958 Advice Taker proposal. Logic is used for knowledge representation and problem solving, but it can be applied to other problems as well. For example, the satplan algorithm uses logic for planning and inductive logic programming is a method for learning.
Several different forms of logic are used in AI research. Propositional or sentential logic is the logic of statements which can be true or false. First-order logic also allows the use of quantifiers and predicates, and can express facts about objects, their properties, and their relations with each other. Fuzzy logic, is a version of first-order logic which allows the truth of a statement to be represented as a value between 0 and 1, rather than simply True (1) or False (0). Fuzzy systems can be used for uncertain reasoning and have been widely used in modern industrial and consumer product control systems. Default logics, non-monotonic logics and circumscription are forms of logic designed to help with default reasoning and the qualification problem. Several extensions of logic have been designed to handle specific domains of knowledge, such as: description logics; situation calculus, event calculus and fluent calculus (for representing events and time); causal calculus; belief calculus; and modal logics.
In 1963, J. Alan Robinson discovered a simple, complete and entirely algorithmic method for logical deduction which can easily be performed by digital computers. However, a naive implementation of the algorithm quickly leads to a combinatorial explosion or an infinite loop. In 1974, Robert Kowalski suggested representing logical expressions as Horn clauses (statements in the form of rules: "if p then q"), which reduced logical deduction to backward chaining or forward chaining. This greatly alleviated (but did not eliminate) the problem.
Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning
Many problems in AI (in reasoning, planning, learning, perception and robotics) require the agent to operate with incomplete or uncertain information. Starting in the late 80s and early 90s, Judea Pearl and others championed the use of methods drawn from probability theory and economics to devise a number of powerful tools to solve these problems.
Bayesian networks are a very general tool that can be used for a large number of problems: reasoning (using the Bayesian inference algorithm), learning (using the expectation-maximization algorithm), planning (using decision networks) and perception (using dynamic Bayesian networks). Probabilistic algorithms can also be used for filtering, prediction, smoothing and finding explanations for streams of data, helping perception systems to analyze processes that occur over time (e.g., hidden Markov models or Kalman filters).
A key concept from the science of economics is "utility": a measure of how valuable something is to an intelligent agent. Precise mathematical tools have been developed that analyze how an agent can make choices and plan, using decision theory, decision analysis, information value theory. These tools include models such as Markov decision processes, dynamic decision networks, game theory and mechanism design.
Classifiers and statistical learning methods
The simplest AI applications can be divided into two types: classifiers ("if shiny then diamond") and controllers ("if shiny then pick up"). Controllers do however also classify conditions before inferring actions, and therefore classification forms a central part of many AI systems. Classifiers are functions that use pattern matching to determine a closest match. They can be tuned according to examples, making them very attractive for use in AI. These examples are known as observations or patterns. In supervised learning, each pattern belongs to a certain predefined class. A class can be seen as a decision that has to be made. All the observations combined with their class labels are known as a data set. When a new observation is received, that observation is classified based on previous experience.
A classifier can be trained in various ways; there are many statistical and machine learning approaches. The most widely used classifiers are the neural network, kernel methods such as the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, Gaussian mixture model, naive Bayes classifier, and decision tree. The performance of these classifiers have been compared over a wide range of tasks. Classifier performance depends greatly on the characteristics of the data to be classified. There is no single classifier that works best on all given problems; this is also referred to as the "no free lunch" theorem. Determining a suitable classifier for a given problem is still more an art than science.
Neural networks A neural network is an interconnected group of nodes, akin to the vast network of neurons in the human brain.
The study of artificial neural networks began in the decade before the field AI research was founded, in the work of Walter Pittsand Warren McCullough. Other important early researchers were Frank Rosenblatt, who invented the perceptron and Paul Werbos who developed the backpropagation algorithm.
The main categories of networks are acyclic or feedforward neural networks (where the signal passes in only one direction) and recurrent neural networks (which allow feedback). Among the most popular feedforward networks are perceptrons, multi-layer perceptrons and radial basis networks. Among recurrent networks, the most famous is the Hopfield net, a form of attractor network, which was first described by John Hopfield in 1982. Neural networks can be applied to the problem of intelligent control (for robotics) or learning, using such techniques as Hebbian learning and competitive learning.
Jeff Hawkins argues that research in neural networks has stalled because it has failed to model the essential properties of the neocortex, and has suggested a model (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) that is based on neurological research.
Control theory
Control theory, the grandchild of cybernetics, has many important applications, especially in robotics.
Languages
AI researchers have developed several specialized languages for AI research, including Lisp and Prolog.
Evaluating progress
How can one determine if an agent is intelligent? In 1950, Alan Turing proposed a general procedure to test the intelligence of an agent now known as the Turing test. This procedure allows almost all the major problems of artificial intelligence to be tested. However, it is a very difficult challenge and at present all agents fail.
Artificial intelligence can also be evaluated on specific problems such as small problems in chemistry, hand-writing recognition and game-playing. Such tests have been termed subject matter expert Turing tests. Smaller problems provide more achievable goals and there are an ever-increasing number of positive results.
The broad classes of outcome for an AI test are:
Optimal: it is not possible to perform better Strong super-human: performs better than all humans Super-human: performs better than most humans Sub-human: performs worse than most humans
For example, performance at draughts is optimal, performance at chess is super-human and nearing strong super-human, and performance at many everyday tasks performed by humans is sub-human.
A quite different approach measures machine intelligence through tests which are developed from mathematical definitions of intelligence. Examples of these kinds of tests start in the late nineties devising intelligence tests using notions from Kolmogorov Complexity and data compression . Similar definitions of machine intelligence have been put forward by Marcus Hutter in his book Universal Artificial Intelligence (Springer 2005), an idea further developed by Legg and Hutter . Two major advantages of mathematical definitions are their applicability to nonhuman intelligences and their absence of a requirement for human testers.
Applications
Artificial intelligence has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery, video games, toys, and Web search engines. Frequently, when a technique reaches mainstream use, it is no longer considered artificial intelligence, sometimes described as the AI effect. It may also become integrated into artificial life.
Competitions and prizes
There are a number of competitions and prizes to promote research in artificial intelligence. The main areas promoted are: general machine intelligence, conversational behavior, data-mining, driverless cars, robot soccer and games.
Platforms
A platform (or "computing platform")is defined by Wikipedia as "some sort of hardware architecture or software framework (including application frameworks), that allows software to run." As Rodney Brooks pointed out many years ago, it is not just the artificial intelligence software that defines the AI features of the platform, but rather the actual platform itself that affects the AI that results, ie, we need to be working out AI problems on real world platforms rather than in isolation.
A wide variety of platforms has allowed different aspects of AI to develop, ranging from expert systems, albeit PC-based but still an entire real-world system to various robot platforms such as the widely available Roomba with open interface .
Philosophy
Artificial intelligence, by claiming to be able to recreate the capabilities of the human mind, is both a challenge and an inspiration for philosophy. Are there limits to how intelligent machines can be? Is there an essential difference between human intelligence and artificial intelligence? Can a machine have a mind and consciousness? A few of the most influential answers to these questions are given below.
Turing's "polite convention"If a machine acts as intelligently as a human being, then it is as intelligent as a human being. Alan Turing theorized that, ultimately, we can only judge the intelligence of a machine based on its behavior. This theory forms the basis of the Turing test.The Dartmouth proposal"Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it." This assertion was printed in the proposal for the Dartmouth Conference of 1956, and represents the position of most working AI researchers.Newell and Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis"A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action." Newell and Simon argue that intelligences consists of formal operations on symbols. Hubert Dreyfus argued that, on the contrary, human expertise depends on unconscious instinct rather than conscious symbol manipulation and on having a "feel" for the situation rather than explicit symbolic knowledge. (See Dreyfus' critique of AI.)Gödel's incompleteness theoremA formal system (such as a computer program) can not prove all true statements. Roger Penrose is among those who claim that Gödel's theorem limits what machines can do. (See The Emperor's New Mind.)Searle's strong AI hypothesis"The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds." Searle counters this assertion with his Chinese room argument, which asks us to look inside the computer and try to find where the "mind" might be.The artificial brain argumentThe brain can be simulated. Hans Moravec, Ray Kurzweil and others have argued that it is technologically feasible to copy the brain directly into hardware and software, and that such a simulation will be essentially identical to the original. Speculation and fiction
AI is a common topic in both science fiction and in projections about the future of technology and society. The existence of an artificial intelligence that rivals human intelligence raises difficult ethical issues and the potential power of the technology inspires both hopes and fears.
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein considers a key issue in the ethics of artificial intelligence: if a machine can be created that has intelligence, could it also feel? If it can feel, does it have the same rights as a human? The idea also appears in modern science fiction: the film Artificial Intelligence: A.I. considers a machine in the form of a small boy which has been given the ability to feel human emotions, including, tragically, the capacity to suffer. This issue, now known as "robot rights", is currently being considered by, for example, California's Institute for the Future, although many critics believe that the discussion is premature.
Another issue explored by both science fiction writers and futurists is the impact of artificial intelligence on society. In fiction, AI has appeared fulfilling many roles including;
As a servant (R2D2 in Star Wars) As a law enforcer (K.I.T.T. "Knight Rider") As a comrade (Lt. Commander Data in Star Trek) As a conqueror/overlord (The Matrix) As a dictator (With Folded Hands) As an assassin (Terminator) As a sentiant race Battlestar Galactica) As an extension to human abilities (Ghost in the Shell) As the saviour of the human race (R. Daneel Olivaw in the Foundation Series).
Academic sources have considered such consequences as: a decreased demand for human labor, the enhancement of human ability or experience, and a need for redefinition of human identity and basic values.
Several futurists argue that artificial intelligence will transcend the limits of progress and fundamentally transform humanity. Ray Kurzweil has used Moore's law (which describes the relentless exponential improvement in digital technology with uncanny accuracy) to calculate that desktop computers will have the same processing power as human brains by the year 2029, and that by 2045 artificial intelligence will reach a point where it is able to improve itself at a rate that far exceeds anything conceivable in the past, a scenario that science fiction writer Vernor Vinge named the "technological singularity". Edward Fredkin argues that "artificial intelligence is the next stage in evolution," an idea first proposed by Samuel Butler's "Darwin among the Machines" (1863), and expanded upon by George Dyson in his book of the same name in 1998. Several futurists and science fiction writers have predicted that humans and machines will merge in the future into cyborgs that are more capable and powerful than either. This idea, called transhumanism, which has roots in Aldous Huxley and Robert Ettinger, is now associated with robot designer Hans Moravec, cyberneticist Kevin Warwick and inventor Ray Kurzweil. Transhumanism has been illustrated in fiction as well, for example in the manga Ghost in the Shell and the science fiction series Dune. Pamela McCorduck writes that these scenarios are expressionsof the ancient human desire to, as she calls it, "forge the gods."
S. Rajkumar belongs to Madurai, Tamil nadu, India. He is a post graduate in Computer Science and Information Technology. Now he is working as a web designer and PHP programmer in AJ Square Inc. Vilacherry, Madurai.
In our final installment for Trek-Month, DiRT takes over once again (he's says he's not a Trekker, but I don't believe him) and shows us some of his Star Trek Minimates from Art Asylum and Diamond Select Toys! Video Rating: 4 / 5
Question by michelle: Which Mickey Mouse Clubhouse toy is far better? I noticed there are two various playhouse sets, one from Fisher Price and a single with the handle in between the ears, which a single is more fun to play with, far more activities etc. And about the figurines, there seems to be two sets, 1 with all the characters and yet another animal like a lion and chip and dale and the other set wherever each 1 has a automobile form item...do they each match on either play set? Thanks !!! Very best answer:
Ah the toy degree, a single of my favourites... cannons, yoyo's, claw machines and even a totally functional Keyboard! The ruins however... errrrrrrrrrghhhhhh I bear in mind dying over and over on that last bit with the spiky balls.
Watch Mickey Mouse come to life. He walks, talks and dances like no Mickey before! He is more realistic, can do more tricks than ever, and he will play with your child as if the real Mickey Mouse was there. Dance Star Mickey is pure interactive fun! He is definitely one of the top Christmas gifts for both boys and girls in 2010!
First of all the name already tells us, that he is a dance star. In fact he really dances amazingly good and he even does the Moonwalk! Not only can Dance Star Mickey dance, he sings multiple songs and makes typical Mickey sense of humor jokes, too. Everything he says is clear, easy to understand as he is designed for kids from 3 to 6 years.
Dance Star Mickey is well constructed, not fragile and still cuddly. He is a 16 inches tall, fun, musical and absolutely awesome toy which moves and grooves around. Your kids will love playing and dancing with Dance Star Mickey.
So the holiday season is just around the corner and you're sure to know just what it means - Looking for the perfect Christmas gifts. Indeed, Christmas is about loving and caring. Then again what is preventing you from making your kids faces light up when they open the boxes during Christmas morning? For a parent, there is absolutely no better feeling than to see your kids are happy. They will have fun playing with toys. And the Christmas toys will slowly but surely introduce one of the essences of Christmas to your children - the spirit of giving.
To make certain all your family members are having an enjoyable experience, you invest in Christmas decoration as well as an amazing Christmas tree. Perhaps you should be sure that especially your kids will really love your presents? So check out the available Christmas toys here on ChristmasToys24.com so that you can ensure that your children will certainly have fun this holiday season.
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The Stargate Universe as a unit because 1994 and has because become a throughout the world dynasty film collection consists of a 2 Television, comics, books, audio books, games, toys and an assortment of fan fiction has grown. The goal of the ninth formerly recognized Cheveron "was announced, and ending with a group in an old ship" Destiny ", a ship built millions of years by the ancients utilised to seed distant galaxies with Stargates. The team led by Dr. David Rush, Colonel Everett Young lead is trapped in the ship, not to adjust his programmed mission and meeting new races, new technological innovation and new enemies, such as runaway ship it assumes the outer edges of the Universe.
A really lengthy time ago in a galaxy far, far away and it is a slogan that brought the idea of SciFi the mainstream and opened our planet and our concepts. Inside three prolonged right after the starting of the Star Wars franchise, we have noticed, many types of science fiction collection and many far more to go. Collection this kind of as Star Trek, Babylon 5, Firefly, Battlestar Galactica, Andromeda, Earth: Final Conflict and a number of other individuals. Nevertheless, there is a distinctive franchise, which remained a dominant participant in the sci-fi array, in spite of the death of most of its competitors.
Episode Overview: Following the secret of Stargate's ninth chevron is discovered, a team travels to the unmanned starship Destiny. The crew, not in a position to handle Destiny is forced to full its original mission
a ring-shaped alien device, a worm hole for individual transportation devices are complementary cosmic distance away.The band of soldiers, scientists and civilians who have to fend for themselves when they are forced by a Stargate, when their secret base is attacked produced. The desperate survivors aboard an old ship arise that are locked to an unknown course and did not return to Earth. In view of meeting the most fundamental requirements of food, water and air, the group, the secret of survival of the ship Stargate. The danger, adventure and hope that they are on board the Destiny, the heroes and villains are revealed it.
The order of the day stands out as an exceptional instance of creativity and vision of a better long term. The collection is the only a single who reside in establishing some form as ling as it keeps to examine the strange writing staff and a mysterious capability to existing social and political concerns in an unique manner.
You will Find Some Fantastic On the internet Woodworking Plans for Toys
Doesn't it appear like it might be a great deal of entertaining to make some distinctive , wooden toys for the kids or grandkids? Even when you do not think about your self a skilled woodworker, when you get the correct sort of plans, you can construct awesome items your little ones will really like . The best plans supply you with supply and materials lists, step-by-step instructions , and thorough drawings. Unlike many of the other directions you have read, you can obtain woodworking plans for toys that truly allow you to get the job completed appropriately. This sort of plans will spell out everything you ought to know in clear, to the point English and will not leave you questioning what you really should do next.
Complete materials and provide lists are invaluable . Feel about just how considerably less difficult it will be to know beforehand exactly what you are going to need. It'll imply undertaking just 1 trip to the lumber yard rather than obtaining yourself into the middle of a project only to uncover that there's some thing missing. Your lumber list should tell you each piece that is essential as well as its measurements . If you set out to buy wooden toy plans, make certain that you're obtaining every thing you require . Sketchy plans are sure to leave you hung up aspect way by way of a job unless you are a very competent carpenter.
Step-by-step directions are an absolute should . Insist on viewing an illustration of the plans underneath consideration , and study by way of some of the directions. If you can not understand what they're speaking about now, how will you ever realize it when the time comes? Although you study above the plans, see if each and every of the measures are there. If what you are getting told seems to leave out info about how to get from step A to step B, you are only going to uncover oneself baffled, and you will have spent cash on insufficient plans. Make positive ahead of acquiring.
Thorough drawings and also color pictures will aid you with the piece you are creating. Verify above the sample drawings to decide if they sound appropriate . Will they illustrate to you how each step ought to search ? Do the drawings of the pieces of wood required have measurements clearly labeled on them ? On some drawings the printing is so tiny that there is no way you can study it, so the dimensions aren't going to aid you . So check almost everything out cautiously 1st.
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Dancing Mickey - A Charming Toy For Any Young Child
Mickey Mouse has been close to longer than most of us. Now as Dance Star Mickey he has been reborn. This is a really common toy targeting kids up to six many years old but honestly, all ages that come in speak to with him will get pleasure from! He sings six various songs and has individual moves for all of them.
Toy giant Fisher-Price tag developed Dance Star Mickey employing the finest engineering offered nowadays. Yur kid will participate in the interactivegames and dances. Folks of all ages are captivated by Mickey's charming and cute personality. His hands and legs move, he spins, glides and slides and he's light sufficient for kids to carry about. "Freeze" and "Mickey Says" are interactive games the whole family members can play collectively with Mickey.
Mickey Mouse has been around since 1928 when he was designed by Walt Disney. As a matter of fact, his date of birth was November in 1928 and to this extremely day folks are as passionate about him as ever. His character traits exude cheer, enjoyable and kindness wherever life may take him. Want an individual brave and heroic? He can provide this. How about loyal,loving and comical, they are a lot more of his in no way ending traits. He has been in many feature films, television applications, comic strips, Mickey Mouse Clubs, music performances, video games, toys, games and interactive books more than his lifetime profession. It is a fact that the only factor far more recognizable than this popular character by men and women all over the planet is the American Flag.
Dancing Mickey posses several adorable qualities. His hands and legs move whilst he dances and sings. He does spins on by making use of rollers that are on the bottom of his feet. He glides and slides smoothly on challenging slippery floors. His mouth in fact moves in-synch with the words to the song he is singing. And his two favored games are "Freeze" and "Mickey Says," are an old replay of Simon Says from many years ago. Today's toys use up-to-date technology to bring your youngster the ultimate in play time interactive entertaining.
Youngsters will adore toting Mickey all over the place they go and he's simple for them to carry too! He only weighs around 4.5 pounds. Be positive to pick up 6 AA batteries for out of the box instant fun.
Dancing Mickey has rubbed shoulders with celebrities this year like Donnie Osmond, in addition to his guest physical appearance on Dancing with the Stars. His popularity for children has soared. To stay away from disappointment with out-of-stock retailers, be certain to check this little guy out at your very first convenience. Dance Star Mickey is on the leading 10 list of toys this year. He can make a ideal gift for your child or possibly you have a toy collector in the family. Honestly, you may possibly want 1 for oneself !
Simply place, young youngsters adore toys. Dancing Mickey will surely be on the list of any youngster that has witnessed his moves. Better but, if he is not on a child's list what a fascinating surprise he would be! For more info on this and a number of other Mickey toys please pay a visit to=> http://dancingmickey.net
\"A very long time ago in a galaxy far, far away....\" was a tagline that brought the concept of SciFi into the mainstream and opened up our world and our imaginations. Within the three a long time following the launch of the Star Wars franchise, we have seen many incarnations of Science Fiction sequence come and many more go. Sequence like Star Trek, Babylon 5, FireFly, Battlestar Galactica, Andromeda, Earth: Last Battle and a slew of others. Nonetheless, there exists one unique franchise which has remained a prevalent participant in the SciFi area regardless of the demise of much of their competition.
The Stargate Universe as an entity has existed since 1994 and has since grown into a world dynasty encompassing a Film, 2 television sequence, comics, books, audio books, games, toys and an assortment of FanFiction.
Stargate Universe all started with the preliminary movie, written by Dean Devlin and directed by Roland Emmerich. The movie turned out to be a mega hit with worldwide gross sales of 6,600,000 and a ,000,000 value of production. The movie was initially supposed to be a part of a multi-movie franchise however, due to scheduling points and variations in creative visions between Devlin/Emmerich and MGM, the initial vision was never carried out. It was actually this disagreement that led to the studio execs evaluating different ways to capitalize on the success of the film.
The executives determined a tv sequence would enable for lengthy-lasting alternatives and with that Stargate SG-1 debuted on July 27, 1997 on the Showtime premium cable network. After seeing spectacular scores on Showtime, the studio wanted wider distribution and moved the sequence to the SciFi network the place it instantly became a cult classic. The collection led by Richard Dean Anderson of MacGyver fame lasted for a total of ten seasons and on common cost MGM ,400,000 to shoot. By its remaining season, the present surpassed the rankings of huge hits like X-Recordsdata and attaining the title of the longest running consecutive sci-fi sequence on television. After an incredible ten 12 months run, Stargate SG-1 was discontinued in August of 200, but the franchise lived on as Stargate Atlantis.
Stargate Atlantis was created in 2004 as a two half season finale for season eight entitled \"Misplaced Metropolis\". The plot entails a group of army forces and civilian scientists that journey to the Pegasus galaxy in quest of the Misplaced City of Atlantis. In its current incarnation, the sequence has seen nice success and has confirmed over the years to attract the identical stage of followers as SG-1.
The future of the Stargate Universe is scheduled to incorporate two direct-to-DVD movies being released later this year entitled \"Stargate: The Ark of Truth\" and \"Stargate: Continuum\". As well as, there was a 2006 Comic-con announcement by Stargate creator Dean Devlin that he\'s at present in talks with MGM to supply the ultimate two films in the trilogy and leverage the abilities of James Spader and Kurt Russel.
The series right this moment stands out as a exceptional example of creativity and imaginative and prescient of a greater future. The collection is one that can reside on in a number of incarnations moving forward as ling because it retains the wonderful writing staff and an uncanny capability to discover current social and political issues in a singular way.
Contains Mickey and Goofy Figures, Garden, Automobile lift, Path, Tow truck, tool bench and two mystery coins
Mystery coins reveal secret photos
Water hose can be extended so Goofy can water his garden
All play pieces shop within playset
There is so much to do at Mickey's Garage! Insert the mystery disc into the toodles place to red reveal images. Pull the vehicle lifts lever to raise the autos up and lift up the garage door to let the autos to drive through.
Return to the days of Captain Kirk and the 1st USS Enterprise NCC-1701 with this inspired recreation... the Enterprise Bridge Playset! Transport your 8-inch tall Retro Series Figures with the turn of a dial, or explore the universe with interchangeable view screens. With all the features of the original release (including the handy fold-up design), you can reenact your favorite Star Trek adventures as you boldly go where no playset has gone before! This tremendous toy measures 11-inches tall x 3
A History of Mechapinoy As one of the last few active original members, I would like to put down the historical past of Mechapinoy, if only to make sure that there will be an archived copy of our origins. Some of the particulars may be inaccurate, but not due to the fact of a wish to alter fact – rather, this all occurred far more then 7 many years ago, and it can be tough to recall details from that far back.
Origin (Mechapinoy Mailing List) The Gundam Mailing List (Mark 1) has been in operation for some time by 1999, and some Filipino members learn each other there. This leads to some greetings and other communications in the native language. One particular or two of the Filipino members are reminded in private that the lingua franca is English. This prompts the formation of the Mechapinoy Mailing List (MPML) on December 21, 1999.
The original members (the ones who joined in the first year of MPML's life) had been as follows:
Richard Ramos (creator of MPML)
Fed Makabenta Charles Tan Gomer Coronel Garrick Lee Benj Cabrera
Of the Original Six, the remaining active members of Mechapinoy right now are Richard Ramos and Benj Cabrera. Fed Makabenta is nonetheless active from time to time, Charles Tan has moved on to other fandom and is busy with operate, Gomer Coronel has become silent on the net as pertaining to Mechapinoy, and Garrick is in the identical scenario as Charles.
The MPML grows gradually, but by 2002, the group is already considerable in size. By this time, MPML is known to routinely meet in the Greenhills Neutral Grounds shop, courtesy of the generosity of Luigi Scarella and other Warhammer enthusiasts who are also into Gundam. Later on, Mechapinoy would uncover other places in which they could meet (mainly either Megamall or Richard Ramos's property, and for a short time yet another toy shop in Greenhills), as their growing numbers make meeting in Neutral Grounds inconvenient for all concerned.
Mechapinoy Core Group Mailing List The MP Core Group Mailing List is produced on October 18, 2002 with the following active core group (at the time) as members:
Richard Ramos (creator of MPCML) Winn Sevilla Garrick Lee James Ravelo Jake de Guzman
The MPCML is constructed on the concept that there need to be a separate ML for those who had been, at the time, the leadership of Mechapinoy.
Mechapinoy Forum / Web site On November 1, 2002, The Mechapinoy internet site goes up. Even though bare, it sets the stage for a considerable transformation inside of Mechapinoy.
On December 29, 2002, the Mechapinoy Forum goes up, with Garrick at the helm. Gradually, activity on the MPML shifts to the Forum. Garrick, even though nevertheless active at this point, steadily fades away from active participation, and is now mainly an observer.
At the moment, Mechapinoy is defined as the Forum, with the two Mailing Lists serving as a backup for communication amongst members, just in case the Forum is rendered inaccessible.
Alliances Mechapinoy is at the moment allied with the following:
Ban Kee: Mechapinoy is most closely allied to Ban Kee, which is the official Distributor of Bandai Gundam model kits. The interaction among MP and BK began in September of 2002, with very first make contact with via Arvin Lim (by Del Bohol, then in charge of Gundam for Ban Kee) as far as records can ascertain. To date, MP is still the official fan organization companion of Ban Kee.
IPMS-BAC: In the planet of Scale Models, IPMS-BAC is MP's ally. Members from both have participated in meetings and builds. As of this writing, some of the crucial members of MP are also members of IPMS-BAC, or are allied to them also in their person capacities. Speak to was first by way of Israel Buenaluz in the PEx forums.
New Worlds Alliance: New Worlds Alliance is a unified set of fan groups for a lot of of the main sci-fi and fantasy franchises (i.e. Star Trek, Star Wars, etc...). Mechapinoy is presently a member of the Alliance, and is identified as the first anime-based group inside of the organization.
Give The Best Gift to Your Youngster This Holiday season - Dance Star Mickey
The renowned classical cartoon character Mickey Mouse has come alive as Dance Star Mickey. This outstanding animated toy is in a position to dance and also do interactive games with you. Some of the capabilities of this toy will be discussed in this post.
Dance Star Mickey can carry out various things. Some of the highlights incorporate his ability to walk, speak and dance to six choice songs. He is able to do several dance moves, and does them in surprisingly smooth movements also. Appear below for a partial list of the issues this dancing Mickey Mouse can do.
1. He does a totally different dance regimen with each one particular of the six songs.
two. A number of his moves are Latino, Disco, Techno.
3. He speaks to you, and in one sequence, he'll even ask you for aid when he has fallen down.
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four. He makes use of 6 AA batteries. As a suggestion, get rechargeable batteries for this toy, as this will offer for extended intervals of entertainment.
five. He also performs a moonwalk in 1 of his routines.
6. With just a easy press on his foot, an inanimate toy becomes alive and entertains anybody in the room.
7. He encourages your tiny ones to get up and dance with him. This can be a wonderful way to exercising and occupy young minds on cold or rainy days.
8. Your children will even be entertained by some of the jokes and expressions that he uses.
Dance Star Mickey is becoming increasingly a lot more nicely-recognized as a present for this vacation season. Should you intend to acquire this toy as a Christmas gift, you need to act quick, as this sort of a hot item may possibly probably sell out swiftly. Over the net purchasing for this dancing Mickey toy is surely an selection for you to assume about, as it'll save you really lengthy wait time and buying hassles. You can just keep residence and he will be delivered to your door or mailbox.
In summary, Dance Star Mickey can be an very favored gift alternative for tiny young children above the age of two. He dances, talks, and walks, to entertain your young young children. You will see six various songs and dance routines and he also moonwalks. This item will sell out quick at several places, and it is advised to make your purchases early. If you would like to stay away from very long lines, on-line purchasing may quite properly be the perfect choice.
Jerry Lambeth enjoys writing critiques on variety of goods. You can study the exclusive inside scoop on the a lot of great functions of Dance Star Mickey now in our total overview on http://www.dancestarmickeydeal.com/
